Nk’ibikoresho vy’ishimikiro bihambaye mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none n’ubwubatsi, ibikorwa vy’ishimikiro vy’ivyuma vy’ishimikiro bigena ata guca ku ruhande umutekano, ugukomera, n’ubushobozi bw’ubutunzi bw’imiterere y’ubuhinga. Kuva ku mico y’ubuhinga gushika ku guhindura ibidukikije, ubushobozi bwo gukora neza kw’imiyoboro y’icuma buratuma zigira akamaro kanini mu bikorwa bitandukanye, harimwo no gutanga inguvu, gukora imashini, no gukora ubuhinga bwo kwubaka. Isesengura ry’ibintu vyinshi rikurikira - Isesengura ry’ibikorwa nyamukuru vy’imiyoboro y’ishimikiro y’icuma n’agaciro kavyo.
1. Ivyiza vy'amashini: Ingabirano Zikomeye y'Umuzingo- Gutuma Ubushobozi bwo Kuzimya
Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bw’ivyuma vy’ishimikiro ni ibimenyetso vyavyo vy’ishimikiro kandi bihambaye cane, ahanini harimwo inkomezi z’ugukomera, inkomezi z’umwimbu, ugushikama, n’ugukomera. Inkomezi z’amatensile ni zo zigena ubushobozi bw’umuyoboro bwo gusenyuka mu muzigo urengeje urugero, mu gihe inkomezi z’umusaruro zigaragaza agaciro gakomeye uguhinduka kw’ipulasitike gutangura. Ivyo bipimo bibiri biragira ico bikoze ku ruhande rw’umutekano w’imiterere y’imiterere. Nk’akarorero, inkomezi z’umwimbu w’umuyoboro w’icuma Q235 ni nk’ibice 235 MPa, bikaba bibereye ku bibanza rusangi vy’inyubako. High- imirongo y’ivyuma, ku rundi ruhande, akenshi ikozwe kuri 20G canke hejuru- inkomezi z’uburemere, n’inkomezi z’umusaruro zirenga 400 MPa kugira ngo zishike ku bisabwa n’umuvuduko munini cane.
Ugukura ni ikintu nyamukuru co gupima ubukomezi bw’imiyoboro y’icuma. Amatiyo y’icuma y’agaciro kanini asaba ko 20% canke hejuru y’aho igera kugira ngo ingufu zifate inguvu biciye mu guhinduka kw’ipulasitike mu gihe c’imizigo y’inguvu canke y’ugunyiganyiga, bikaba bibuza gusenyuka kw’ivu. Ikindi kandi, ibipimo vy’uburemere (nk’ivyo Brinell canke Rockwell bikomeye) birakoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo kwambara ku ruhande kandi birahambaye cane cane mu bikorwa nk’amamashini y’ubucukuzi n’amatiyo y’amazi.
2. Uguhangana n'imiti n'uguhagarara kw'ibisebe: Urufunguzo rwo kudafata ibidukikije
Igihimba c’umubiri c’imiyoboro y’icuma kiragira ico gikoze ku bushobozi bwavyo bwo gusenyuka n’igihe kirekire - igihe c’ugushikama. Ibirimwo Carbon ni ikintu nyamukuru gihinduka. Ivyuma bike ({3}} ivyuma vy’ikarita (Ivyimburwa vy’ikarita kuruta canke bingana na 0.25%) bitanga ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gusudira kandi bukoreshwa cane ku bijanye n’ugutwara amazi make. Medium - kandi hejuru- ivyuma vy’ikarita (carbone 0.4%-0.6%) bitanga inkomezi nyinshi ariko bisaba ko umuntu avurwa ubushuhe kugira ngo agere ku ntumbero n’ubukomezi. Kwongerako ibintu vy’ivyuma birarushiriza kwagura urugero rw’ikoreshwa ry’imiyoboro y’icuma. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri (Cr) biri muri 10,5% canke hejuru y’uburyo bwo gukora amasanamu y’ivyuma (nk’ibice 304 na 316L) bifise ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo guhangana n’aside na alkali. Nickel (Ni) itera imbere ubukomezi bw'ubushuhe buke, bigatuma imiyoboro y'icuma ibereye yo kubika n'ugutwara gaze y'amazi ku bushuhe buke nk'uko -196℃.
Ku bijanye n’imiyoboro y’ivyuma idatera, uburinzi bwo ku ruhande rw’imbere (nk’ugutuma ibintu bigenda neza kandi bifise epoxy) canke uburinzi bwa katome ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kwihanganira ubukonje n’umunyu -splay. Nk’akarorero, imiyoboro y’ivyuma ikoreshwa mu minara yo gutanga amakuru irakingirwa n’ikintu citwa zinc anode anode, ivyo bikaba bituma ubuzima bwavyo bushika ku myaka irenga 30.
3. Uburyo bwo gukora: Guhuza n'ubuhinga n'ubwubatsi
Ivyo bikoresho vy’ishimikiro vy’imiyoboro y’ivyuma vy’ishimikiro ni vyo bigena ko gukora, gukora, no gukorana. Ugushobora gukemura ni ikintu nyamukuru gikenewe ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bw’imiyoboro. Ivyuma vy’ivyuma n’ivy’ivyuma biri hasi{2}} ivyuma bishobora guhurizwa hamwe neza hakoreshejwe uburyo nk’ugusudira n’ugusudira cane - uburyo bwo gusudira, mu gihe ivyuma bitagira ibara bitagira ibara bisaba ubugenzuzi bukomeye bw’injiza kugira ngo ntihagire ugusenyuka kw’ibintu. Igerageza ry’imbere n’iry’imbere rigenzura ubushobozi bw’uguhinduka kw’amatiyo y’ivyuma. Nk’akarorero, imiyoboro y’ivyuma ikoreshwa mu kwubaka ivyuma bitegerezwa guca ibigeragezo vy’ugupfukama bikonje (gupfukama kw’imirongo y’ivyuma bita Les bike canke bingana n’incuro 2 z’umurongo w’imiyoboro, nta n’imivyimba).
Ikindi, ukuri kw’ingero (nk’akarorero, kwihanganira umurongo w’inyuma ±0.5%) n’iherezo ry’imirongo y’ivyuma bigira ico bikoze ku bushobozi bwo gutwara amazi. Imiyoboro y’icuma itagira ibara ikuraho utunenge biciye mu nzira zo gusukura canke gusoza kandi birabereye ku bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ubuhinga bwa none; imiyoboro y’icuma ipfutse (nk’i ERW na LSAW) ni yo iganza isoko ry’amazi ryo hasi{5}}} kubera inyungu zavyo z’igiciro.
4. Igishushanyo c'Ibikorwa n'Ingabire zo Guhuza ibikorwa
Ibikorwa vy’imiyoboro y’ivyuma vy’ishimikiro bitegerezwa guhuzwa cane n’ibintu vyihariye vyo gukoresha:
Inguvu: Amavuta y’amavuta na gazi asaba ko HS ishobora guhangana cane n’uguhungabana kw’umubabaro (nk’akarorero, API 5L X65 icuma c’umuyoboro) n’uburemere bw’umuzingi w’agaciro kanini.
Imirongo y’ivyuma: Amatiyo y’icuma n’ay’umurongo akenshi akoreshwa mu mibumbe y’ivyuma kandi ategerezwa guhuza ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imiti n’uguhuza n’umuriro{{0} =.
Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga: Amatiyo y’amazi y’imbere y’uruhome yishingikirije ku bijanye n’uburemere bw’uruhome rw’imbere (Ra Less kuruta canke 0.8μm) n’uburinganire bw’ingero kugira ngo uburyo bw’amazi bukora neza.
Iciyumviro
Ugukora imiyoboro y’ishimikiro y’ivyuma ni ingaruka y’ugutuma ubuhinga bw’ibikoresho bugenda neza, ubuhinga bwo gukora, n’ivyo bikenewe. Kuva ku bushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo bw’amashini gushika ku bushobozi bw’ibidukikije, kuva ku guhindura ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu ku buryo bwo guhindura ibintu, ibikorwa vyabo vyinshi - kurabandanya gutuma habaho ubuhinga bushasha mu bikorwa remezo n’ubuhinga bw’inganda. Mu gihe kizoza, n’iterambere ry’imirongo nk’isonga -stre gongth, uburemere buke, ugusenyuka- bishobora kubaho, n’ibikoresho vy’ubwenge, ibikorwa vy’imiyoboro y’icuma bizorushiriza guca mu nzira, bitanga infashanyo y’ibintu bikomeye ku bijanye n’iterambere riramvye ry’isi yose.
